Fact & Fiction

Top 5 Myths About Christmas

by Rick Shenkman

#1 Myth: Retailers have ruined Christmas.

Getting the Facts Straight About Midterm Elections

by Rick Shenkman

Updated 11-2-06 Usually in off-year elections the party holding the presidency loses seats in Congress. Why? This is mainly because in the midterm elections the weak candidates who rode in to victory on the coattails of their party's presidential candidate two years earlier find it difficult to win when running for election on their own. In the 2002 off-year elections in George W. Bush's first term Republicans confounded many pundits by succeeding in adding to their majoritie

A White House Tea and Michelle Obama

by Betty Boyd Caroli

Eighty-one years ago this summer, an African American woman from Chicago’s South Side—just a couple miles from where Michelle Robinson Obama grew up—made national headlines.  Her

Sorry George, the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence Was Probably a Myth

by Damion Pechota

On July 3rd an article by respected journalist George Will appeared in the Washington Post, called "Independence Days," about the citizens of Mecklenburg County in North Carolina declaring independence from Britain on May 20, 1775--more than a year ahead of the Continental Congress. As wonderful and patriotic as this appears, the story of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independ

The Real "Obama before Obama"

by Daniel Sauerwein

Recently, HNN ran a breaking news story published by the Washington Post entitled “The ‘Obama before Obama’ ” by Kevin Merida.  The article begins with the story of the purportedly first African American elected to public office, John Mercer Langston, who was from Virginia and was elected township clerk in Brownhelm, Ohio in 1855.  Merida also discusses Langston’s other achievements, including being founder of the future Howard University Law School.After a brief look at Langston’s life, Merida then weaves it with stories of black leaders in Louisa County, Virginia, where Langston was born in 1829.  He also discusses some locals’ views about Barack Obama’s rise to become the Democratic nominee for President.  The article focuses on the progress from Langston to Obama and is a good piece overall.Unfortunately, there is a major error regarding the historical record with this article.  Based upon two encyclopedias dealing with African American history, HNN has learned that John Langston was not the first African American elected to public office.  Indeed, there were two men before him.

Disney's Hidalgo: A New Hollywood Low

by Anthony B. Toth

Response of Anthony B. Toth to John Fusco (posted 2-28-04)The irony is too delicious to pass without comment: the screenwriter whose "based on a true story" horse race that never took place rises in florid indignation and calls my column, "slanted and poorly researched." Please. Mr. Fusco should get off his high horse.But let me address the complaint. At issue is the following sentence: "Nowhere in the site is Fusco or Disney mentioned, and in fact Fusco has attempted to hide his connection with the site. The sleaze is piled higher than horse manure."First, some background. When frankhopkins.com went live, before the release of Hidalgo, the site was relatively small, with just a few pages. It included (and still includes) the following:According to the U.S. Remount Service Journal of 1936, [Frank Hopkins] competed in and won over 400 long-distance races, including a legendary 3,000-mile endurance ride across the Arabian Desert in 1890 on his mustang stallion, Hidalgo.An upcoming Walt Disney movie is to be based on his legendary adventures in the saddle.

Does Ann Coulter Know What She's Talking About?

In her latest book, Treason, Ann Coulter, turning conventional history on its head, claims that Joe McCarthy was the victim of a witch-hunt. Does she know what she's talking about? Below are excerpts from comments about her book. But first we begin with a statement by Coulter herself. Ann Coulter, Author of Treason (2003)The myth of "McCarthyism" is the greatest Orwellian fraud of our times. Liberals are fanatical liars, then as now. The por

He Has Gassed His Own People

by HNN Staff

"Saddam Hussein is a man who is willing to gas his own people, willing to use weapons of mass destruction against Iraq citizens. "--President Bush, March 22, 2002"As he said, any person that would gas his own people is a threat to the world."--Scott McClellan, White House spokesman, May 31, 2002

Did Truman Really Oppose the Soviet Union's Decision to Enter the War Against Japan?

by D.M. Giangreco

The following letter was sent to the Journal of Military History, which published a shortened version. To the Editor:The old saying tells us that “you’re never too old to learn” --- and it’s true! Reading David T. Fuhrmann’s review of Tsuyoshi Hasegawa’s Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan (JMH 69, October 2005), I realized that my first impressions of the book were all wrong. Although the reviewer found Racing the Enemy “balanced and thoroughly documented,” I’d originally been appalled at the unnerving regularity with which Hasegawa’s copious footnotes implied that something exists in a document when it simply did not --- but that has all changed.What I now realize is that I was expecting too much when I assumed that Hasegawa would actually produce real evidence that President Truman had embarked on a desperate race to defeat Japan with nuclear weapons before the Soviet Union could enter the Pacific War. Being overly picky, I was put off by what appeared to be gross misrepresentations of Truman’s words through use of ellipsis in accounts like the following of Truman’s first meeting with Stalin at Potsdam:

The Fictitious Suppression of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle

by Christopher Phelps

When a small, Tucson-based publisher of anarchist and atheist literature called See Sharp Press issued a new edition in 2003 of Upton Sinclair’s famous novel The Jungle, it was not especially remarkable. Editions of The Jungle, from the scholarly to the mass-market, are abundant. Generations of readers have been transfixed by the misery of the novel&

Why Does the NYT Continue to Cite Historian S.L.A. Marshall After the Paper Discredited Him in a Front-Page Story Years Ago?

by Melvin E. Matthews, Jr.

"Studies by Medical Corps psychiatrists of combat fatigue cases ... found that fear of killing, rather than fear of being killed, was the most common cause of battle failure, and that fear of failure ran a strong second." -- S.L.A. Marshall, military historian, quoted in the Hartford Courant (March 20, 2003) "Historian's Pivotal Assertion On Warfare Assailed as False" read the headline in a story featured on the front page of the New York

7 Myths About Islam

by Timothy R. Furnish

One of the few positive effects of 9/11 has been renewed American interest in Islam and the Middle East. Unfortunately, much of the information disseminated in the media about those topics is ignorant and misleading. This is unfortunate because any hope that the predom

What Do W. and Woodrow Wilson Really Have in Common?

by Derek Catsam

President Bush is presiding over what is fast becoming a foreign policy disaster. The war in Iraq is a quagmire. The Iraqi constitution faces an uncertain future. American policy appears to be based on sloganeering, but most of America's global problems can be attributed to another factor: the administration's failure to plan before it acted. The failure is not unprecedented. Not since the end of the Cold War has an American president thought through what the international role of the

The Truth About Thanksgiving Is that the Debunkers Are Wrong

by Jeremy Bangs

Setting people straight about Thanksgiving myths has become as much a part of the annual holiday as turkey, cranberry sauce, and pumpkin pie.

Did Hitler have Jewish Soldiers?

by Bryan Mark Rigg

Adolf Hitler is thought to have made war on all Jews, even people who were only "partly Jewish." Mr. Rigg in his new book calls this assumption into question. Throughout Hitler's political career, he made several exemptions from his ideology. Whatever Hitler had written into decrees was always subject to alteration at his discretion. Hitler granted thousands of Mischlinge (partial Jews) exemptions from the provisions of his racial laws. Some have claimed that Hitler made exemptions for Mischlinge because of his own "Jewish" past. Since this issue was raised frequently during discussions of this study, it is explored in some detail. The facts seem to indicate that Hitler feared his paternal grandfather was Jewish. As Dr. Fritz Redlich, psychiatrist and author of Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet, said, "Hitler was mixed up about his descent. He was definitely scared about the possibility that he had a Jewish grandfather." However, no documents have survived to confirm or deny this allegation.

Military: The Wrong War

by Thomas Fleming

When the Muslim terrorists struck on September 11, uncounted numbers of reporters and television commentators rushed into print and sound comparing the awful consequences to Pearl Harbor. Never has so much verbiage been wasted on a comparison which makes no sense -- and is still leading people astray, building up false expectations of winning a war based on this non-resemblance. Some reporters pointed out the difference between Pearl Harbor and 9/. The Japanese attacked military men, not civ

Was the American Revolution a People’s War?

by William Marina

This is the second of two articles by Mr. Marina concerning the question of legitimacy in the American Revolution. Click here to read his first article. Today traditional military power is measured in terms of the vast technology of weaponry. Since the end of the Cold War, the United States has functioned as a hegemonic power urged on by neoconservatives and some others to act formally as an empire. Iraq, like Vietnam ea

Only 1/3rd of Americans Supported the American Revolution?

by William Marina

This Fourth of July marks the the 228th anniversary of the signing of the American Declaration of Independence. Perhaps the most significant external aspect of this year's celebration is that the United States is now involved in an intervention ostensibly to bring Democracy to Iraq.Yet, many Americans, even many scholars and intellectuals, believe that the the American Revolution was itself not a democratic movement. If that is true, then it is legitimate to ask, "what exactly is it that we are celebrating on July 4th?"The most common piece of evidence cited in numerous books about the Revolution is a letter of John Adams indicating that one third of the Americans were for the Revolution, another third were against it, and a final third were neutral or indifferent to the whole affair.Oddly, this is the view of the Revolution essentially held by the British at the time. English leaders appeared to believe that only a minority of rebellious Americans, although well organized, desired independence from the Mother Country. Both times British armies ventured into the interior, it was on the assumption there were large numbers of Loyalists there who would support the King's cause.

Remember Ronald Reagan's October Surprise? It Never Happened.

by Daniel Pipes

The October Surprise conspiracy theory holds that in October 1980, Ronald Reagan conspired with the Islamic Republic of Iran to beat Jimmy Carter in the U.S. presidential elections on 4 November . The deal: in return for the Khomeini government keeping its U.S. hostages at the U.S. embassy in Tehran until after the election, damaging the Carter's candidacy, Reagan would reward it with armaments. The conspiracy theory endured for over a decade, from 1980-93, but has since disappeared.

Was Kennedy Cheered When He Announced We Were Going to the Moon?

by Alice George

Editor's Note: This article was first published in February 2004. In popular memory, President John F. Kennedy boldly declared in 1961 that Americans should race to the moon, and the nation rallied around him. Nothing like that happened when George W. Bush recently endorsed a return to the moon and a manned mission to Mars. In fact, nothing like that happened when Kennedy issued his challenge either. Like Bush, Kennedy faced valid questions in 1961 about whether it was